NTPsec

time.achjoj.info

Report generated: Mon Apr 27 10:33:02 2026 UTC
Start Time: Sun Apr 26 08:09:02 2026 UTC
End Time: Mon Apr 27 10:33:02 2026 UTC
Report Period: 1.1 days

Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -2.173 -1.619 -0.690 0.129 1.523 1.767 1.876 2.213 3.386 0.765 0.229 ms -2.497 6.329
Local Clock Frequency Offset 18.296 18.296 18.299 18.528 18.551 18.552 18.718 0.252 0.256 0.095 18.475 ppm 7.244e+06 1.402e+09

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 173.051 177.900 187.425 351.859 628.797 670.412 676.254 441.372 492.512 122.504 361.955 µs 14.09 46.7

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.931 0.973 1.112 6.545 75.760 98.143 98.941 74.648 97.170 23.340 16.412 ppb 1.153 4.659

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -2.173 -1.619 -0.690 0.129 1.523 1.767 1.876 2.213 3.386 0.765 0.229 ms -2.497 6.329

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 18.296 18.296 18.299 18.528 18.551 18.552 18.718 0.252 0.256 0.095 18.475 ppm 7.244e+06 1.402e+09
Temp /dev/sda 26.000 26.000 26.000 26.000 27.000 27.000 27.000 1.000 1.000 0.484 26.376 °C
Temp /dev/sdb 30.000 30.000 30.000 31.000 32.000 32.000 32.000 2.000 2.000 0.587 30.615 °C
Temp LM0 6.000 6.000 6.000 7.000 10.000 11.000 11.000 4.000 5.000 1.322 7.022 °C
Temp LM1 2.000 3.000 3.000 5.000 8.000 9.000 10.000 5.000 6.000 1.481 5.290 °C
Temp LM2 43.000 43.000 43.000 44.000 46.000 46.000 46.000 3.000 3.000 0.991 43.952 °C
Temp LM3 13.500 14.500 14.500 15.000 17.500 18.000 18.000 3.000 3.500 0.880 15.565 °C
Temp LM4 13.500 13.500 14.500 15.000 17.500 18.000 18.000 3.000 4.500 0.964 15.589 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 150.254.190.51

peer offset 150.254.190.51 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 150.254.190.51 -0.129 -0.129 0.277 1.849 3.343 3.665 3.665 3.066 3.794 0.918 1.859 ms 4.186 9.839

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 153.19.250.123

peer offset 153.19.250.123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 153.19.250.123 -1.748 -1.748 -0.949 -0.064 1.957 2.140 2.140 2.906 3.887 0.791 0.034 ms -3.104 7.294

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 193.110.137.171

peer offset 193.110.137.171 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 193.110.137.171 -7.176 -7.176 -3.628 -2.013 41.734 144.819 144.819 45.362 151.994 24.325 3.148 ms 1.641 14.35

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 194.146.251.100

peer offset 194.146.251.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 194.146.251.100 -1.734 -1.734 -0.997 0.122 2.012 2.277 2.277 3.010 4.011 0.880 0.286 ms -2.067 5.099

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 194.146.251.101

peer offset 194.146.251.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 194.146.251.101 -1.597 -1.597 -0.729 0.389 1.918 3.059 3.059 2.647 4.655 0.900 0.415 ms -1.301 4.143

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 194.29.130.252

peer offset 194.29.130.252 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 194.29.130.252 -12.135 -12.135 -11.763 -10.663 -0.755 47.279 47.279 11.008 59.415 9.071 -8.776 ms -8.338 27.15

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 195.187.245.55

peer offset 195.187.245.55 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 195.187.245.55 -1.875 -1.875 -0.930 -0.074 1.480 1.647 1.647 2.410 3.522 0.789 0.054 ms -3.322 7.283

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 213.135.57.60

peer offset 213.135.57.60 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 213.135.57.60 -1.507 -1.507 -1.017 0.253 54.875 69.279 69.279 55.892 70.786 16.960 6.271 ms 0.4417 4.057

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 150.254.190.51

peer jitter 150.254.190.51 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 150.254.190.51 0.385 0.385 0.502 1.004 1.827 2.368 2.368 1.325 1.983 0.451 1.120 ms 8.132 23.02

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 153.19.250.123

peer jitter 153.19.250.123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 153.19.250.123 0.369 0.369 0.400 0.954 2.989 3.348 3.348 2.589 2.979 0.677 1.118 ms 3.684 11.8

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 193.110.137.171

peer jitter 193.110.137.171 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 193.110.137.171 0.330 0.330 0.526 1.806 120.602 142.122 142.122 120.076 141.791 36.771 17.493 ms 0.5767 3.755

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 194.146.251.100

peer jitter 194.146.251.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 194.146.251.100 0.206 0.206 0.306 0.952 2.172 2.900 2.900 1.866 2.694 0.583 1.122 ms 4.353 11.75

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 194.146.251.101

peer jitter 194.146.251.101 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 194.146.251.101 0.371 0.371 0.428 1.448 4.617 5.393 5.393 4.189 5.022 1.274 1.648 ms 2.347 6.456

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 194.29.130.252

peer jitter 194.29.130.252 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 194.29.130.252 0.160 0.160 0.189 1.063 8.873 46.658 46.658 8.685 46.498 7.896 2.960 ms 2.708 15.62

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 195.187.245.55

peer jitter 195.187.245.55 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 195.187.245.55 0.185 0.185 0.253 0.995 3.784 4.119 4.119 3.532 3.934 0.999 1.262 ms 2.389 6.931

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 213.135.57.60

peer jitter 213.135.57.60 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 213.135.57.60 0.333 0.333 0.436 2.017 44.568 165.800 165.800 44.132 165.467 26.066 13.180 ms 2.095 14.2

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 18.296 18.296 18.299 18.528 18.551 18.552 18.718 0.252 0.256 0.095 18.475 ppm 7.244e+06 1.402e+09
Local Clock Time Offset -2.173 -1.619 -0.690 0.129 1.523 1.767 1.876 2.213 3.386 0.765 0.229 ms -2.497 6.329
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.931 0.973 1.112 6.545 75.760 98.143 98.941 74.648 97.170 23.340 16.412 ppb 1.153 4.659
Local RMS Time Jitter 173.051 177.900 187.425 351.859 628.797 670.412 676.254 441.372 492.512 122.504 361.955 µs 14.09 46.7
Server Jitter 150.254.190.51 0.385 0.385 0.502 1.004 1.827 2.368 2.368 1.325 1.983 0.451 1.120 ms 8.132 23.02
Server Jitter 153.19.250.123 0.369 0.369 0.400 0.954 2.989 3.348 3.348 2.589 2.979 0.677 1.118 ms 3.684 11.8
Server Jitter 193.110.137.171 0.330 0.330 0.526 1.806 120.602 142.122 142.122 120.076 141.791 36.771 17.493 ms 0.5767 3.755
Server Jitter 194.146.251.100 0.206 0.206 0.306 0.952 2.172 2.900 2.900 1.866 2.694 0.583 1.122 ms 4.353 11.75
Server Jitter 194.146.251.101 0.371 0.371 0.428 1.448 4.617 5.393 5.393 4.189 5.022 1.274 1.648 ms 2.347 6.456
Server Jitter 194.29.130.252 0.160 0.160 0.189 1.063 8.873 46.658 46.658 8.685 46.498 7.896 2.960 ms 2.708 15.62
Server Jitter 195.187.245.55 0.185 0.185 0.253 0.995 3.784 4.119 4.119 3.532 3.934 0.999 1.262 ms 2.389 6.931
Server Jitter 213.135.57.60 0.333 0.333 0.436 2.017 44.568 165.800 165.800 44.132 165.467 26.066 13.180 ms 2.095 14.2
Server Offset 150.254.190.51 -0.129 -0.129 0.277 1.849 3.343 3.665 3.665 3.066 3.794 0.918 1.859 ms 4.186 9.839
Server Offset 153.19.250.123 -1.748 -1.748 -0.949 -0.064 1.957 2.140 2.140 2.906 3.887 0.791 0.034 ms -3.104 7.294
Server Offset 193.110.137.171 -7.176 -7.176 -3.628 -2.013 41.734 144.819 144.819 45.362 151.994 24.325 3.148 ms 1.641 14.35
Server Offset 194.146.251.100 -1.734 -1.734 -0.997 0.122 2.012 2.277 2.277 3.010 4.011 0.880 0.286 ms -2.067 5.099
Server Offset 194.146.251.101 -1.597 -1.597 -0.729 0.389 1.918 3.059 3.059 2.647 4.655 0.900 0.415 ms -1.301 4.143
Server Offset 194.29.130.252 -12.135 -12.135 -11.763 -10.663 -0.755 47.279 47.279 11.008 59.415 9.071 -8.776 ms -8.338 27.15
Server Offset 195.187.245.55 -1.875 -1.875 -0.930 -0.074 1.480 1.647 1.647 2.410 3.522 0.789 0.054 ms -3.322 7.283
Server Offset 213.135.57.60 -1.507 -1.507 -1.017 0.253 54.875 69.279 69.279 55.892 70.786 16.960 6.271 ms 0.4417 4.057
Temp /dev/sda 26.000 26.000 26.000 26.000 27.000 27.000 27.000 1.000 1.000 0.484 26.376 °C
Temp /dev/sdb 30.000 30.000 30.000 31.000 32.000 32.000 32.000 2.000 2.000 0.587 30.615 °C
Temp LM0 6.000 6.000 6.000 7.000 10.000 11.000 11.000 4.000 5.000 1.322 7.022 °C
Temp LM1 2.000 3.000 3.000 5.000 8.000 9.000 10.000 5.000 6.000 1.481 5.290 °C
Temp LM2 43.000 43.000 43.000 44.000 46.000 46.000 46.000 3.000 3.000 0.991 43.952 °C
Temp LM3 13.500 14.500 14.500 15.000 17.500 18.000 18.000 3.000 3.500 0.880 15.565 °C
Temp LM4 13.500 13.500 14.500 15.000 17.500 18.000 18.000 3.000 4.500 0.964 15.589 °C
Summary as CSV file

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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